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Whether you're new to economics or just want to deepen your understanding, this course covers the basics and connects them to today’s pressing issues—from inequality to public policy decisions.
Each week, you'll receive a reading guide that distills core principles, offers actionable takeaways, and explains how they affect the current world. While the full ebook enriches the experience, the guides alone provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental economic ideas.
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'),(el=vwo_$("#tfa_31-HTML > p:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoCss({display:"none !important"});})(".hintsBelow")}}, R_940895_63_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
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try{
var _vwo_sel = vwo_$("`);
!vwo_$("head").find('#1740425171461').length && vwo_$('head').append(_vwo_sel);}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
try{}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
try{const getCurrentDate = (d = new Date()) => d.toISOString().split('T')[0];
function vwoCustomEvent (labelValue) {
window.VWO = window.VWO || [];
VWO.event = VWO.event || function () {VWO.push(["event"].concat([].slice.call(arguments)))};
VWO.event("customEvent", { "label": labelValue.toString() });
}
class RadioButtonComponent {
constructor (element) {
this.radio = element.querySelector('input[type="radio"]');
this.label = element.querySelector('label');
}
get value () {
let value = this.radio.value;
if (Number.isNaN(parseFloat(value)))
return value;
if (parseFloat(value) % 1 == 0)
return parseInt(value);
return parseFloat(value);
}
set value (newValue) {
this.radio.value = newValue;
}
get text () {
return this.label.textContent;
}
set text (newText) {
if (this.label.querySelector('.form-required')) {
const labelTextNode = [...this.label.childNodes].filter(({ nodeType }) => nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE)[0];
labelTextNode.nodeValue = newText;
} else {
this.label.textContent = newText;
}
}
get checked () {
return this.radio.checked;
}
set checked (bool) {
this.click(),
bool === true && this.radio.checked === true;
}
click () {
this.label.click();
}
select () {
this.click();
}
addEventListener (eventType, callbackFunction) {
switch (eventType) {
case 'click':
this.label.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction);
case 'change':
default:
this.radio.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction);
}
}
}
class TextFieldComponent {
constructor (element) {
this.input = element.querySelector('input[type="text"]');
this.label = element.querySelector('label');
}
get value () {
return this.input.value;
}
set value (newValue) {
this.input.dispatchEvent(new Event('focus'));
this.input.value = newValue;
this.input.dispatchEvent(new Event('keyup'));
this.input.dispatchEvent(new Event('change'));
this.input.dispatchEvent(new Event('blur'));
}
get text () {
return this.input.placeholder;
}
set text (newText) {
this.input.placeholder = newText;
}
addEventListener (eventType, callbackFunction) {
this.input.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction);
}
}
class GiftArrayButton extends RadioButtonComponent {
constructor (element) {
super(element);
}
get amount () {
return this.value;
}
set amount (newAmount) {
if (Number.isNaN(parseInt(newAmount)) || parseInt(newAmount) <= 0)
throw new Error("New amount must be a valid number greater than 0.");
newAmount = parseInt(newAmount);
this.text = '$' + newAmount;
this.value = newAmount;
}
}
class GiftArrayOtherAmount extends TextFieldComponent {
constructor (element) {
super(element);
}
get amount () {
return parseFloat(this.value);
}
set amount (newAmount) {
if (Number.isNaN(parseInt(newAmount)) || parseInt(newAmount) <= 0)
throw new Error("New amount must be a valid number greater than 0.");
newAmount = parseFloat(newAmount);
this.value = newAmount;
this.input.dispatchEvent(new Event('updateSummary'));
}
}
class GiftArray extends Array {
constructor (items) {
if (!Array.isArray(items) && items.length === 0) {
throw new Error("GiftArray: Arugment 1 is not an instance of Array with a length greater than 0:" + items.join(', '));
}
if (items.every((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton || item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) {
if (items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) {
let temp = items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount);
items = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton);
items.push(temp);
}
} else if (items.every((item) => item instanceof HTMLElement)) {
items = items.map((item) => item.matches(".webform-component-textfield") ? new GiftArrayOtherAmount(item) : new GiftArrayButton(item));
} else {
throw new Error("GiftArray: Arugment 1 is not of type HTMLElement, HTMLElement[], or GiftArrayButton|GiftArrayButton[]:" + items.join(', '));
}
super(...items);
this.Buttons = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton);
this.OtherAmountInput = items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount);
}
get amount () {
const activeButton = this.Buttons.find((item) => item.checked);
if (activeButton.value === "other") {
const otherButton = activeButton;
if (!otherButton) {
throw new Error("GiftArray.amount: Other Button was not defined.");
}
otherButton.click();
return this.OtherAmountInput.value;
} else {
return activeButton.value;
}
}
set amount (newAmount) {
if (Number.isNaN(parseInt(newAmount)) || parseInt(newAmount) <= 0)
throw new Error("New amount must be a valid number greater than 0.");
newAmount = parseFloat(newAmount);
const matchingButton = this.find((item) => item.value === newAmount);
if (matchingButton) {
matchingButton.click();
} else {
const otherButton = this.Buttons.find((item) => item.value === "other");
otherButton.click();
this.OtherAmountInput.amount = newAmount;
}
}
addEventListeners (eventType, callbackFunction, filter = undefined) {
if (filter && typeof filter === 'function') {
const filteredItems = this.filter((item) => filter.call(this, item));
filteredItems.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
} else if (filter && typeof filter === 'string') {
if (filter.match(/buttons/gmi))
this.Buttons.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
if (filter.match(/other/gmi))
this.OtherAmountInput.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction);
} else {
this.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
}
}
}
class FrequencyButton extends RadioButtonComponent {
constructor (element) {
super(element);
}
get frequency () {
return this.text.match(/Monthly/gmi) ? "Monthly" : "One-Time";
}
set freqency (newAmount) {
if (Number.isNaN(parseInt(newAmount)) || parseInt(newAmount) <= 0)
throw new Error("New amount must be a valid number greater than 0.");
newAmount = parseInt(newAmount);
this.text = '$' + newAmount;
this.value = newAmount;
}
}
class FrequencyArray extends Array {
constructor (items) {
if (!Array.isArray(items) && items.length === 0) {
throw new Error("FrequencyArray: Arugment 1 is not an instance of Array with a length greater than 0:" + items.join(', '));
}
/*if (items.every((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton || item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) {
if (items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) {
let temp = items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount);
items = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton);
items.push(temp);
}
} else*/ if (items.every((item) => item instanceof HTMLElement)) {
items = items.map((item) => item.matches(".webform-component-textfield") ? new GiftArrayOtherAmount(item) : new GiftArrayButton(item));
} else {
throw new Error("FrequencyArray: Arugment 1 is not of type HTMLElement or HTMLElement[]:" + items.join(', '));
}
super(...items);
this.Buttons = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton);
}
get frequency () {
const activeButton = this.Buttons.find((item) => item.checked);
if (activeButton.value === "recurs")
return "monthly";
if (activeButton.value === "NO_RECURR")
return "one-time";
return activeButton.value;
}
set frequency (newFrequency) {
const reNewFrequencyValue = new RegExp(newFrequency, 'gmi');
const matchingButton = this.find((item) => item.value.match(reNewFrequencyValue) || item.text.match(reNewFrequencyValue));
matchingButton.click();
}
get recurring () {
return this.frequency === "monthly" ? true : false;
}
set recurring (bool) {
this.frequency = bool === true ? "monthly" : "one-time";
}
addEventListeners (eventType, callbackFunction, filter = undefined) {
if (filter && typeof filter === 'function') {
const filteredItems = this.filter((item) => filter.call(this, item));
filteredItems.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
} else if (filter && typeof filter === 'string') {
if (filter.match(/buttons/gmi))
this.Buttons.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
if (filter.match(/other/gmi))
this.OtherAmountInput.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction);
} else {
this.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction));
}
}
}
//
const lockedProperty = { writable: false, configurable: false, enumerable: true };
function DonationFormAPI (elements, options = {}) {
const defaultOptions = {
min: 1.00,
max: 999999.99,
makeTabbed: false,
fakeSubmit: true,
overrideGiftArrayValues: false,
};
options = { ...defaultOptions, ...options };
//
const { frequencyRadios, submitButton, root } = elements;
const [ amountRadiosOnetime, amountRadiosMonthly ] = elements.amountRadios;
const oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper = amountRadiosOnetime.find((div) => !div.matches('.webform-component-textfield') || div.querySelector('input[type="text"]'));
const oneTimeRadioButtons = amountRadiosOnetime.filter((div) => div !== oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper);
const monthlyOtherAmountWrapper = amountRadiosMonthly.find((div) => !div.matches('.webform-component-textfield') || div.querySelector('input[type="text"]'));
const monthlyRadioButtons = amountRadiosMonthly.filter((div) => div !== monthlyOtherAmountWrapper);
const debug = {
log: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args),
info: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args),
warn: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args),
error: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args),
};
//
const api = new Object();
Object.defineProperty(api, 'root', {
value: root,
writable: false,
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
});
Object.defineProperties(api, {
'FORM_MINIMUM': {
value: options.min || 0,
...lockedProperty
},
'FORM_MAXIMUM': {
value: options.max || Infinity,
...lockedProperty
},
});
Object.defineProperties(api, {
GiftArrays: {
value: {
"one-time": new GiftArray([ ...oneTimeRadioButtons, oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper ]),
"monthly": new GiftArray([ ...monthlyRadioButtons, monthlyOtherAmountWrapper ]),
},
writable: false,
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
},
Frequencies: {
value: new FrequencyArray(frequencyRadios),
writable: false,
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
},
SubmitButton: {
value: submitButton,
writable: false,
configurable: false,
enumerable: true,
}
});
Object.defineProperties(api, {
'getFrequency': {
value: async function () {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
try {
resolve(this.Frequencies.frequency);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'setFrequency': {
value: async function (frequency) {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
try {
this.Frequencies.frequency = frequency;
if (await this.getFrequency() === frequency)
resolve(frequency);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'getAmount': {
value: async function (frequency = undefined) {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
try {
frequency = frequency || await this.getFrequency();
if (frequency && this.GiftArrays.hasOwnProperty(frequency)) {
const activeGiftArray = this.GiftArrays[frequency];
resolve(activeGiftArray.amount);
} else {
throw new Error("getAmount: Invalid frequency: " + frequency);
}
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'setAmount': {
value: async function (amount, frequency = undefined) {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
try {
const currentFrequency = await this.getFrequency();
if (!frequency) {
frequency = currentFrequency;
} else if (frequency !== currentFrequency) {
frequency = await this.setFrequency(frequency);
}
if (frequency && this.GiftArrays.hasOwnProperty(frequency)) {
const activeGiftArray = this.GiftArrays[frequency];
activeGiftArray.amount = amount;
} else {
throw new Error("setAmount: Invalid frequency: " + frequency);
}
if (await this.getAmount() === amount)
resolve(amount);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'getRecurring': {
value: async function () {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
try {
resolve(this.Frequencies.recurring);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'setRecurring': {
value: async function (bool) {
if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
try {
this.Frequencies.frequency = bool ? true : false;
if (await this.getRecurring() === bool)
resolve(bool);
} catch (error) {
reject(error);
}
});
}, ...lockedProperty
},
freqency: {
get () { return this.getFrequency() },
set (value) { this.setFrequency(value) },
enumerable: true, configurable: true,
},
amount: {
get () { return this.getAmount() },
set (value) { this.setAmount(value) },
enumerable: true, configurable: true,
},
recurring: {
get () { return this.getRecurring() },
set (value) { this.setRecurring(value) },
enumerable: true, configurable: true,
},
});
Object.defineProperties(api, {
'submit': {
value: async function (condition = this.validate||function(){return true}) {
//this.hooks['onBeforeSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
let result;
const isAsyncFunction = (func) => func.constructor.name === "AsyncFunction";
if (Array.isArray(condition)) {
if (condition.every((c) => typeof c === 'function' && isAsyncFunction(c))) {
result = await Promise.all(condition.map(async (c) => await c.call(this)));
} else if (condition.every((c) => typeof c === 'function')) {
result = condition.every((c) => c.call(this));
} else if (condition.every((c) => c === true || c === false)) {
result = condition.every((c) => c);
}
} else if (typeof condition === 'function' && isAsyncFunction(condition)) {
result = await condition.call(this);
} else if (typeof condition === 'function') {
result = condition.call(this);
} else if (condition === true || condition === false) {
result = condition;
} else {
console.error("Unknown error.");
debugger;
}
//
if (result === true) {
if (window.NA.DonationForm.hasOwnProperty("DEBUG_MODE") && window.NA.DonationForm["DEBUG_MODE"] == true)
return console.log("Submit aborted (debug mode is enabled).");
this.SubmitButton.click(),
this.hooks['onSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
//this.hooks['onAfterSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
} else {
return console.log("Submit failed (conditions did not evaluate to true).");
}
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'interceptSubmit': {
value: function (handleInterceptedSubmit = () => { return new Promise((resolve) => resolve(undefined)) }) {
try {
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy || createNewSubmitButton(window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, { cloneOriginal: false, hideOriginal: true, observeOriginal: false });
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.addEventListener('click', async (event) => {
event.preventDefault(), event.stopPropagation();
const shouldFormSubmit = await handleInterceptedSubmit.call(this, event);
if (shouldFormSubmit) {
console.info("Submit allowed by initial interceptSubmit callback function resulting in a truthy evaluation.");
const formIsValid = await window.NA.DonationForm.validate();
if (!formIsValid) { // if submit allowed but there are known errors in the form
console.warn("Form has known errors. Attempting to submit to show errors then retrying.");
console.log("Submitting...");
window.NA.DonationForm.submit(true); // submit anyway to trigger the error to be shown
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButton hidden."), // hide the original submit button again
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy hidden."); // hide the copy of the submit button again
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.removeProperty("display"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy unhidden."); // show the copy of the submit button
} else {
console.log("Submitting...");
window.NA.DonationForm.submit(true);
}
} else {
console.log("Submit prevented.");
console.info("Next submit will be allowed.");
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton.style.removeProperty("display"), debug.info("SubmitButton unhidden."); // show the original submit button so that if something goes wrong the user can still click the submit button
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy hidden."); // hide the copy of the submit button that intercepts submit attempts so that there aren't two buttons
}
});
console.log("Submit intercept added.\nButton:", window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Failed to add submit intercept:", error);
}
}, ...lockedProperty
},
'validate': {
value: async function (root = undefined) {
if (!this || this === null)
throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context.");
root = root || this.root;
const flattenArray = (array) => array.reduce((flat, toFlatten) => flat.concat(Array.isArray(toFlatten) ? flattenArray(toFlatten) : toFlatten), []);
try {
const freqency = await this.getFrequency(),
amount = await this.getAmount();
if (!freqency || !amount)
return false;
if (amount < this.FORM_MINIMUM || amount > this.FORM_MAXIMUM)
return console.error("validate:", "Gift amount is invalid:", amount), false;
let requiredFields = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll('label:has(.form-required)'))
.map((label) => document.getElementById(label.htmlFor) || (label.nextElementSibling || label.previousElementSibling))
.filter((_) => !!_) // remove blanks
.filter((field) => {
if (field.name && field.name.includes('[payment_information]'))
return false;
return true;
})
.map((field) => {
if (field.matches("div"))
return [...field.querySelectorAll('input')];
return field;
})
requiredFields = flattenArray(requiredFields);
const valid = requiredFields.every((input) => {
const type = input.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'select' ? 'select' : input.type;
const { name, value, id } = input;
//console.log(type, name, value);
if (name === 'submitted[payment_information][payment_fields][credit][card_number]') {
if (value && value.length === 16)
return true;
return console.error("validate:", name+':', "CC is invalid."), false;
}
if (name === 'submitted[leadership_circle]')
return true;
if (name === 'submitted[donation][other_amount]' || name === 'submitted[donation][recurring_other_amount]')
if (amount)
return true;
switch (type) {
case 'email':
const emailRegex = /^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/;
if (!emailRegex.test(value))
return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Email address is invalid.\n", input, value), false;
return true;
case 'tel':
if (!value || value.length < 10)
return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Phone number is invalid.\n", input, value), false;
return true;
case 'select':
case 'radio':
case 'text':
if (!value || value.length === 0)
return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Field is invalid.\n", input, value), false;
return true;
default:
debug.log("default");
return true;
}
/*if (!value || value.length === 0)
return false;*/
});
return valid;
} catch (error) {
console.error(error);
return false;
}
}, ...lockedProperty
},
//'makeTabbed': { value: function(){} },
'DonationInterrupter': {
value: { init: initDonationInterrupter.bind(api) },
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
writable: true,
}
});
initHooks(api, ['onFrequencyChange', 'onAmountChange', 'onTrySubmit', 'onSubmit']);
api.Frequencies.addEventListeners('change', (event) => {
if (event.target.checked) {
api.hooks['onFrequencyChange'].forEach((callback) => {
callback.call(api, event.target.value);
});
}
});
Object.entries(api.GiftArrays).forEach(([ key, GiftArray ]) => {
GiftArray.addEventListeners('change', (event) => {
if (event.target.checked) {
api.hooks['onAmountChange'].forEach((callback) => {
callback.call(api, event.target.value);
});
}
});
});
api.SubmitButton.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
api.hooks['onTrySubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(api, event));
});
api.root.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {
api.hooks['onSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(api, event));
});
if (options.makeTabbed)
api.makeTabbed();
/*if (options.fakeSubmit)
window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy || createNewSubmitButton(window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, { cloneOriginal: false, hideOriginal: true, observeOriginal: false });*/
return api;
}
function createNewSubmitButton (originalSubmitButton = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, options = {}) {
const defaultOptions = {
cloneOriginal: true,
hideOriginal: true,
observeOriginal: true,
};
options = { ...defaultOptions, ...options };
const newSubmitButton = document.createElement('button');
//newSubmitButton.id = "submit-button-copy";
newSubmitButton.classList.add("btn");
newSubmitButton.textContent = originalSubmitButton.value;
originalSubmitButton.after(newSubmitButton);
options.hideOriginal && originalSubmitButton.style.setProperty("display", "none");
return newSubmitButton;
}
function initHooks (api, hookNames = []) {
const hooks = Object.fromEntries(hookNames.map((hookName) => ([hookName, new Array()])));
Object.defineProperty(api, 'hooks', {
value: hooks,
...lockedProperty
});
}
function initDonationInterrupter (options = {}) {
const getExpId = () => {
let experiments = window._vwo_exp;
experiments = Object.entries(window._vwo_exp);
let id = experiments.find(([id, data]) => {
const name = data.name;
return name.match(/Donation Interrupter/);
})[1]?.id;
return id;
};
const getExpVariation = (id) => {
let experiment = window._vwo_exp[id];
return experiment.combination_chosen || experiment.combination_selected;
};
const defaultOptions = {
id: [ 'VWO', getExpId(), getExpVariation(getExpId()) ].join('-'),
tokenName: ("NA__MPR_DonationInterrupter:" + [ 'VWO', getExpId(), getExpVariation(getExpId()) ].join('-')),
min: 10,
max: 100,
askAmount: (originalAmount) => {
if (originalAmount > 500) // $500+
return false; // don't show
if (originalAmount >= 400) // $400-$500
return 50;
if (originalAmount >= 300) // $300-$399
return 40;
if (originalAmount >= 200) // $200-$299
return 30;
if (originalAmount >= 100) // $100-$199
return 15;
if (originalAmount < 100) // $100-
return 10;
return false;
},
askFrequency: (originalFrequency) => {
return "monthly";
},
popupHTML: {
headingHTML: (`
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
`),
bodyHTML: (`
Consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed nec egestas turpis, hendrerit semper nisl. Pellentesque auctor ipsum at
pharetra eleifend. Pellentesque a rhoncus turpis, ut tempus nibh. Donec vel dui hendrerit nisi imperdiet
tincidunt. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.
Duis efficitur dolor ut nisl blandit imperdiet. Nullam pretium est nunc, tincidunt viverra ligula dapibus.
Duis malesuada:
dui eu venenatis volutpat
urna libero posuere lectus
non tincidunt mauris ligula consectetur felis
lacinia hendrerit enim at molestie
Sed placerat fringilla consequat. Nullam eu pellentesque sem?
`;
document.body.appendChild(dialogElement);
//
//
const api = new Object({
askAmount: options.askAmount,
askFrequency: options.askFrequency,
});
Object.defineProperties(api, {
id: {
value: options.id,
writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false,
},
tokenName: {
value: options.tokenName,
writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false,
},
Dialog: {
value: dialogElement,
writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: true,
},
show: {
value: function () {
this.update(),
this.Dialog.showModal(),
vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:shown`);
this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastShown", getCurrentDate());
this.hooks['onShow'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
}, ...lockedProperty
},
hide: {
value: function () {
this.Dialog.close(),
this.hooks['onHide'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
}, ...lockedProperty
},
update: {
value: function () {
this.Dialog.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('update'), { bubbles: false });
}, ...lockedProperty
}
});
Object.defineProperty(api, 'storedState', {
value: {
storageApi: localStorage,
getToken: (function () {
const tokenName = this.tokenName,
storageApi = this.storedState.storageApi;
return JSON.parse(storageApi.getItem(tokenName)) || null;
}).bind(api),
setToken: (function (tokenValue) {
const tokenName = this.tokenName,
storageApi = this.storedState.storageApi;
return storageApi.setItem(tokenName, JSON.stringify(tokenValue));
}).bind(api),
updateTokenProperty: (function (tokenPropertyName, tokenPropertyValue) {
let state = this.storedState.getToken() || {};
state[tokenPropertyName] = tokenPropertyValue;
this.storedState.setToken(state);
return (this.storedState.getToken() || {})[tokenPropertyName] || undefined;
}).bind(api),
}
});
initHooks(api, ['onShow', 'onHide', 'onUpdate', 'onYes', 'onNo']);
function handleDialogUpdate (event) { // update dynamic text in the dialog
Array.from(this.Dialog.querySelectorAll('[data-value]')).forEach(async (el) => {
const attributeValue = el.getAttribute('data-value');
const currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(),
currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency();
if (attributeValue.match("askAmount")) {
el.textContent = this.askAmount(currentAmount);
} else if (attributeValue.match("askFrequency")) {
el.textContent = this.askFrequency(currentFrequency);
} else if (attributeValue.match("originalAmount") || attributeValue.match("amount")) {
el.textContent = currentAmount;
} else if (attributeValue.match("originalFrequency") || attributeValue.match("frequency")) {
el.textContent = currentFrequency;
}
});
this.hooks['onUpdate'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
}
api.Dialog.addEventListener('update', handleDialogUpdate.bind(api));
//
const handleYes = (async function () {
vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:DonationInterrupter:yes`);
const currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(),
currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency();
const catchAsyncError = (error) => { console.error("An error occured:", error); debugger; this.hide(); };
window.NA.DonationForm.setFrequency(this.askFrequency(currentFrequency)).then((frequency) => {
console.log("Updated frequency:", frequency);
window.NA.DonationForm.setAmount(this.askAmount(currentAmount)).then((amount) => {
console.log("Updated amount:", amount);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Submitting...");
try {
window.NA.DonationForm.submit();
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error when submitting.");
} finally {
this.hide();
}
}, 100);
}).catch(catchAsyncError);
}).catch(catchAsyncError);
this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastConverted", getCurrentDate());
}).bind(api);
const handleNo = (function () {
vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:DonationInterrupter:no`);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log("Submitting...");
try {
window.NA.DonationForm.submit();
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error when submitting.");
} finally {
this.hide();
}
}, 100);
this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastDismissed", getCurrentDate());
}).bind(api);
const handleCancel = (function () {
this.hide();
this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastDismissed", getCurrentDate());
}).bind(api);
async function handleDialogButtonClick (event) {
event.preventDefault();
if (event.target.hasAttribute('data-action')) {
if (event.target.getAttribute('data-action').match("yes")) {
await handleYes.call(this);
this.hooks['onYes'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
}
if (event.target.getAttribute('data-action').match("no")) {
await handleNo.call(this);
this.hooks['onNo'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this));
}
}
}
Array.from(api.Dialog.querySelectorAll('.popup__footer button')).forEach((button) => button.addEventListener('click', handleDialogButtonClick.bind(api)));
if (api.Dialog.querySelector('.btn-dismiss'))
api.Dialog.querySelector('.btn-dismiss').onclick = handleCancel;
window.NA.DonationForm.DonationInterrupter = api;
async function shouldDonationInterrupterShow () {
return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
const shouldSubmit = true,
shouldNotSubmit = false;
const shouldShow = () => { this.show(), resolve(shouldNotSubmit) },
shouldNotShow = () => resolve(shouldSubmit);
try {
const formIsValid = await window.NA.DonationForm.validate();
if (!formIsValid)
return console.log("One or more donation form fields are invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."),
shouldNotShow();
const currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency(),
currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(),
askFrequency = this.askFrequency(currentFrequency),
askAmount = this.askAmount(currentAmount);
if (!currentFrequency || askFrequency == currentFrequency)
return console.log("Ask frequency returned false or invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."),
shouldNotShow();
if (askAmount == false || askAmount <= 0)
return console.log("Ask amount returned false or invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."),
shouldNotShow();
} catch (error) {
return console.error(error),
shouldNotShow();
}
try {
/// Summary: shows when not seen before at all, or if seen and dismissed on a day that is not the current day (e.g. yesterday)
const storedState = this.storedState.getToken();
if (!storedState || !storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastShown")) { // has not been seen before; first time
return console.log("Donation interrupter not seen yet; donation interrupter will be shown."),
shouldShow();
} else { // returning visitors
if (storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastConverted")) { // the user has converted from the popup before
return console.log("Already converted; donation interrupter will not be shown."),
shouldNotShow();
}
else if (storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastDismissed") && storedState['lastDismissed'] !== getCurrentDate()) { // if the popup has been dismissed before but the last time it was dismissed is NOT today
return console.log("Donation interrupter dismissed, but not today; donation interrupter will be shown."),
shouldShow();
}
else {
return console.log("Donation interrupter already seen and/or dismissed today; donation interrupter will not be shown."),
shouldNotShow();
}
}
} catch (error) {
return console.error(error),
shouldNotShow();
}
});
}
window.NA.DonationForm.interceptSubmit(shouldDonationInterrupterShow.bind(api));
resolve(api);
} catch (error) {
console.error(error);
}
});
}
window.NA = window.NA || {};
window.NA.DonationForm = window.NA.DonationForm || {};
window.NA.DonationForm.init = async function init () {
console.log("Initializing donation form API. Waiting for required elements....");
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const asyncWaitForElement=async function(e,r=100,t=1e4){r=Number.isInteger(r)&&r>0&&r<=100?r:parseInt(r);let n="Array";if("NaN"==r)return console.error("Invalid refresh interval:",r);Array.isArray(e)||"string"!=typeof e||(n="string",e=[e]);let l=e=>document.querySelector(e),i=e=>e.every(e=>!!l(e));return new Promise((R,a)=>{let m=(e,r=null)=>(r&&clearInterval(r),R("Array"==n||e.length>1?e.map(e=>l(e)):l(e[0]))),o=n=>{console.error(`${n.name}: ${n.message}`);let l=()=>asyncWaitForElement(e,r=100,t=1e4);return a(n,l)};try{if(i(e))return m(e);let s=setInterval(()=>{if(i(e))return m(e,s)},1e3/r);setTimeout(()=>{try{if(!i(e)){clearInterval(s);let r=Error(`Failed to find matching elements within ${t}ms`);throw r.name="Timed Out",r}}catch(n){return o(n)}},t)}catch(u){return o(u)}})};
asyncWaitForElement([ 'form.webform-client-form', '#webform-component-donation--recurs-monthly', '#webform-component-donation--amount', '#webform-component-donation--recurring-amount', '.form-actions input[type="submit"]' ]).then(([ componentDonationForm, componentFrequency, componentAmountOnetime, componentAmountMonthly, formSubmitButton ]) => {
const api = DonationFormAPI({
root: componentDonationForm,
frequencyRadios: [...componentFrequency.querySelectorAll('.form-type-radio')],
amountRadios: [
[...componentAmountOnetime.querySelectorAll('div > .form-type-radio, div > .webform-component-textfield')],
[...componentAmountMonthly.querySelectorAll('div > .form-type-radio, div > .webform-component-textfield')],
],
submitButton: formSubmitButton,
//
});
window.NA.DonationForm = { ...window.NA.DonationForm, ...api };
resolve(window.NA.DonationForm);
}).catch((error) => reject(error));
});
};
}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("head")}}, R_940895_39_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
try{
var ctx=vwo_$(x),el;
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","content",""); vwo_debug*/;
el=vwo_$('[vwo-element-id="1740425171461"]');
el.revertContentOp().remove();
} catch(e) {console.error(e)}
try{
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","addElement","body"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$('[vwo-element-id="1740425171462"]')).remove();
} catch(e) {console.error(e)}
return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("head")}}, C_940895_39_1_2_1:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
try{
var _vwo_sel = vwo_$("`);
!vwo_$("head").find('#1740425171462').length && vwo_$('head').append(_vwo_sel);}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
try{}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
try{const DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS = {
headingSectionHTML: (`
Before you go, would you consider becoming a sustainer to MPR News?
`),
bodySectionHTML: (`
Your monthly gift supports trusted journalism, music discovery, and community
conversation for all – no matter where you live or how you listen. From the
broadcast to the podcast, on-air and online, gifts from individuals power everything
you find at Minnesota Public Radio.
Would you consider becoming a sustainer by converting your one-time gift to a
monthly gift today?
`),
min: 100, // do not show if original gift is below this amount
max: 500, // do not show if original gift is above this amount
askAmount: (originalAmount) => {
// the input is the original amount
// the output is the ask amount, or false if the input does not map to an ask amount
if (originalAmount > 500.00) // $500+
return false; // don't show
if (originalAmount >= 400.00) // $400-$500
return 50.00;
if (originalAmount >= 300.00) // $300-$399
return 40.00;
if (originalAmount >= 200.00) // $200-$299
return 30.00;
if (originalAmount >= 100.00) // $100-$199
return 15.00;
if (originalAmount < 100.00) // $100-
return 10.00;
return false;
},
};
//
//
//
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
//
//
//
window.NA.DonationForm.init({ makeTabbed: false }).then(async (donationFormApi) => {
//console.log("DonationForm:", donationFormApi);
console.log("Donation Form: %c READY %c", 'background-color: MediumSeaGreen; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: unset; font-weight: unset;');
console.log(donationFormApi);
const interrupter = await donationFormApi.DonationInterrupter.init({
min: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.min,
max: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.max,
askAmount: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.askAmount,
popupHTML: {
headingHTML: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.headingSectionHTML,
bodyHTML: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.bodySectionHTML,
},
});
//console.log("DonationInterrupter", interrupter);
console.log("Donation Interrupter: %c READY %c", 'background-color: MediumSeaGreen; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: unset; font-weight: unset;');
console.log(interrupter);
//interrupter.show(); // debug: always show popup immediately when page loads
}).catch((error) => { console.log("Donation Interrupter: %c FAILED %c An error occured when initializing the API:", 'background-color: Tomato; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: Tomato; font-weight: unset;'), console.error(error) });
}catch(e) {console.error(e)}
return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("head")}}, C_940895_64_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("content","#tfa_134-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/el=vwo_$("#tfa_134-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"),vwo_$("#tfa_134-L > b:nth-of-type(1)").each((function(){this.__vwoControlOuterHTML=this.__vwoControlOuterHTML||this.outerHTML,vwo_$(this).vwoAttr("class",""),!vwo_$(this).find('[vwo-op-1742933835357-1=""]').length&&vwo_$(this).append('(Optional)'),vwo_$(this).nonEmptyContents().eq(0).replaceWith2(document.createTextNode("In your own words, why would an Marketplace listener choose to become an donor? "))})),el=vwo_$("#tfa_134-L > b:nth-of-type(1)");})("#tfa_134-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_48_1_2_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("content",".stylingblock-content-margin-cell > table:nth-of-type(1) > tbody:nth-of-type(1) > tr:nth-of-type(1) > td:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$(".stylingblock-content-margin-cell > table:nth-of-type(1) > tbody:nth-of-type(1) > tr:nth-of-type(1) > td:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1)")).replaceWith2("
You'll gain real-world insights into how economics impacts your daily life with this easy-to-follow online course. This crash course is based on the acclaimed textbook Economy, Society, and Public Policy by CORE Econ, tailored to help you grasp key concepts without feeling overwhelmed.
Whether you're new to economics or just want to deepen your understanding, this course covers the basics and connects them to today’s pressing issues—from inequality to public policy decisions.
Each week, you'll receive a reading guide that distills core principles, offers actionable takeaways, and explains how they affect the current world. While the full ebook enriches the experience, the guides alone provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental economic ideas.
You’ll find this course especially useful and unique because…
It allows you to understand economics in action: Real-life examples and analysis of current events that show you economics at work.
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Are you ready to build a foundation in economics that empowers you to think critically about the world around you?
Get instant access today and keep an eye on your inbox for a confirmation email and your first lesson.
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Green Bay Packers fans shovel out Lambeau Field Monday, Feb. 7, 2011, in Green Bay, Wis. The team will be hosting a victory celebration on Tuesday. The Packers defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 31-25 in Super Bowl XLV.
AP Photo/Mike Roemer
By TODD RICHMOND, Associated Press
GREEN BAY, Wis. (AP) - Thousands of exhausted but euphoric
Packers fans cheered the team Monday on its return to Green Bay as
Super Bowl champions after their victory over the Pittsburgh
Steelers.
Schools dismissed early Monday and people took off work so they
could see the team as it traveled from Austin Straubel
International Airport to Lambeau Field along a route that included
Lombardi Avenue, named in honor of the legendary packers coach
Vince Lombardi.
Ashley Ellis, 17, and Erica Christensen, 18, of Oak Creek, went
to bed at midnight after celebrating the Packers' victory. They
were up at 4 a.m. to drive to Green Bay and stake out a spot for
the parade. They said the Packers gave them "anxiety attacks" as
the Steelers made their second-half comeback, but on Monday all was
right with the world in Green Bay. Asked why anyone would get up at
4 a.m. to visit a football stadium, Christensen replied simply.
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"Love them," she said.
Area schools released students after a half-day to allow them to
attend the parade. By 11 a.m. throngs of fans milled around the
stadium's atrium. People lined up for tours of the stadium, asked
about tickets to Tuesday's rally and grabbed lunch at Curly's Pub,
a restaurant at the stadium named for the Packers' founder, Curly
Lambeau.
Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers (12) reacts after the NFL Super Bowl XLV football game against Pittsburgh Steelers, Sunday, Feb. 6, 2011, in Arlington, Texas. Green Bay won 31-25.
AP Photo/Kathy Willens
Some fans just stood in the parking lot and screamed to the sky.
Others paraded around with a giant cardboard replica of the
Lombardi trophy. The stadium's pro shop was so packed with
customers snatching up Super Bowl gear team that officials made
shoppers stand in line to get in. Fans across the atrium shouted
"Go Pack Go!"
Brett Elliot, 50, of Abrams, beat the rush. Dressed in a leather
Packers jacket, he emerged from the pro shop with seven Super Bowl
champion T-shirts and $140 lighter. He said a couple shirts were
for him and the rest were for his co-workers.
He said he was hoarse from watching the game and partying in
downtown Green Bay the night before.
"Has it sunk in?" he said. "I don't know. Maybe after the
parade and the celebration."
Dozens of fans helped clear ice and snow from the stadium bowl's
bleachers for a rally Tuesday. From the field level, they looked
like ants as they shuffled back and forth, dutifully chipping away
at ice dams and dumping snow onto a conveyer belt, which carried it
to the field where bulldozers pushed it aside. All for free.
Pittsburgh Steelers' Rashard Mendenhall (34) hugs a teammate as seen on the large video screen after running in a touchdown against the Green Bay Packers in the second half of the NFL Super Bowl XLV football game Sunday, Feb. 6, 2011, in Arlington, Texas.
AP Photo/Charlie Riedel
The Packers have traditionally asked fans to clear snow from the
bleachers during the season, but this time was different.
Adam Shirek, 23, of Milladore, drove two hours Monday to Lambeau
for the parade. He said he's an unemployed college student with
nothing better to do.
He saw the line of snow volunteers at the stadium and decided to
join them. Decked out in Clay Matthews' No. 52 jersey, he attacked
the ice with a furor.
"Could be a once-in-a-lifetime experience helping shovel snow
at Lambeau Field . . . after the Super Bowl," he said as he
worked. "It will be memorable. Hopefully it'll bring me up on the
season ticket waiting list."
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
Gallery
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Green Bay Packers fans shovel out Lambeau Field Monday, Feb. 7, 2011, in Green Bay, Wis. The team will be hosting a victory celebration on Tuesday. The Packers defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 31-25 in Super Bowl XLV.
AP Photo/Mike Roemer
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Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers (12)and Jordy Nelson, right, celebrate a touchdown during the first half of the NFL Super Bowl XLV football game against the Pittsburgh Steelers Sunday, Feb. 6, 2011, in Arlington, Texas.
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