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Third parties are not new to American politics. The Anti-Masonic Party emerged in the 1820s to campaign against the Freemasons, which its members viewed as corrupt. The Free Soil Party opposed the expansion of slavery in the years before the Civil War. Others throughout history have emerged to champion various causes, like the Know-Nothings, the Progressives, the Prohibition Party, the Reform Party and many others.


In a country that's been dominated by iterations of the Republicans and Democrats for more than a century and a half, 58 percent of respondents 

 pollsters in 2014 that "a third party is needed."



Today the biggest third party in the U.S. is the Libertarian Party, which has taken a new prominence as it courts Republicans who have refused to fall in line behind the party's nominee, Donald Trump. Gary Johnson, the Libertarian nominee in 2012 and again this year, amassed 1.27 million votes in the last presidential election.


On the other end of the spectrum is the Green Party. The 

. Its platform focuses on environmental issues and "social justice, peace and non-violence, local and regional self-management and grassroots democracy." In 2000, 2.8 million people voted for Ralph Nader as the Green Party presidential candidate — leading to accusations of "spoiling" the election for Al Gore, 

.

This year Dr. Jill Stein is leading the Green Party ticket for president. She has run before — Stein garnered 

 in 2012 running as a Green.
Stein is hoping to capitalize on the wave of support Bernie Sanders experienced over the past year in his challenge to Hillary Clinton from the left. Stein 

 she would even be willing to let Sanders run in her place as the Green candidate. Sanders didn't respond and has now 

Stein is heading to Philadelphia to go to the Democratic National Convention — or at least to be outside of it. She is planning to take part in protests on the street in support of "economic justice" and a "Green New Deal," among other causes.

She talked with NPR's Michel Martin about why she's crashing the party in Philadelphia and responds to criticism from columnist Dan Savage.

Interview highlights contain Web-only extended answers.

In a nutshell, the Green Party is the one national party that does not accept corporate money, lobbyist money, or have a superPAC. So we have the unique liberty to stand up for everyday people. We are basically a party that puts people, planet and peace over profit. And we put forward the real solutions that everyday Americans are just clamoring for.


We'll be in Philadelphia to be at the convention in the streets — the people's convention. I will be marching in the "

" rally, which is sponsored by my campaign. And we are here especially for the Bernie Sanders movement that does not want to go back into that dark night, into the Hillary Clinton campaign, that for so many people represents the opposite of what Bernie was building and what they were building.



We are here to provide the support for that campaign. I think so many people learned that you cannot have a revolutionary campaign inside of a counter-revolutionary party. So we are here as plan B for Bernie to ensure that this fight will go on.

Dan Savage's (explicit language-laden) criticism

 that supporting the Green Party is helping Donald Trump

I do not say there is no difference between the parties. What I say is that there's not enough difference to save your job, to save your life, or to save the planet. And the scary things, the horrific things that Donald Trump says, Hillary Clinton has already done. Whether it's massively deporting immigrants, whether it's threatening nuclear warfare. ...

Put it this way: I will feel horrible if Donald Trump is elected, I will feel horrible if Hillary Clinton is elected, and I feel most horrible about a voting system that says: Here are two deadly choices, now pick your weapon of self-destruction.

On Green Party candidates in local elections

We have hundreds of candidates, and unfortunately the media pays no attention to them, so of course the likes of Dan Savage have no clue. Not only do we have candidates, but we have had scores of elected officials. Including, for example, the mayor of Richmond, Calif., who was the Green mayor, Gayle McLaughlin, for eight years, where they did incredible, transformative things.

This is why the corporate media and the corporate political parties don't want you to know that in fact, this revolution is alive and well. And it's especially alive in the Green Party, because all of the other noncorporate parties that have challenged power — whether you're talking about the Progressive Party or the Labor Party — they have been wiped off the map. They've been absolutely wiped off the map. So it's only the Green Party that survives as a noncorporate, truly people-powered challenge. And we are challenging all over the place. So Dan Savage doesn't have a clue about the fight that is going on. And if I weren't running for president, no one will know.

This is why Frederick Douglass said, "Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never [did] and it never will." We have to bring that demand up into the highest headliner as possible.

Why give them a pass to conduct these wars? Hillary Clinton cannot challenge Donald Trump, because she agrees with him on too many things. Like these outrageous wars, like nuclear weapons, like devoting half of our budget and more to militarism. Half of your income tax is going to militarism — $75,000 per American household has been spent when you include the health costs of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. ... These wars on terror that have done what? Created more terror, have created failed states, have created mass refugee migrations.

On what happens if the Green Party does not win the presidency

We are involved in social movements, we are involved in local races, and we are involved in building a party that provides an infrastructure for what is succeeding. And Bernie Sanders showed how powerful this movement is, how much momentum it has, and believe me, that movement and those supporters are rushing into our campaign, absolutely flooding in through every portal imaginable. And they have found a place in a party that supports the revolution, and we are going to continue to go forward.

On commonalities between the Greens and Gary Johnson and the Libertarian Party

We both support open debates, for example. We share two lawsuits between our two parties — we are both suing the Commission on Presidential Debates. Because Americans have a right not only to vote, but to know who we can vote for. So we are suing to open debates.

We're both calling for an end to the war on drugs and for an end to American imperialism and being the policeman of the world.


But where we differ: The Libertarians, one of their first candidates was one of the Koch brothers. And their agenda is in some ways, it is the wish list of big corporate America — to get government out of the way. They would like to eliminate all controls on campaign finance. They would like to go to 

 on steroids, provided there is a corporate logo that is put on the politicians and policies who are bought. We say it's not enough to put a corporate logo on it. That's the area where we differ. We think we need to get money out of politics so we can get the people back in.


On the possibility of all third parties uniting

Americans have a right to more than three choices. Americans deserve to hear from the whole political spectrum. Particularly when the two major parties are funded by the same predatory banks, fossil fuel giants and war profiteers. And the prison-industrial complex. And they have put an entire generation into debt. My campaign is the one campaign that will cancel that student debt and liberate a generation to move us forward as a society. We think people have a right to hear about this as much as they have a right to hear about the Libertarian vision.

On what would make a success in Philadelphia

I could not conscience sitting this one out and just letting politics as usual continue to throw people, planet and peace under the bus. So for me, success is showing up, building a movement and moving forward as hard and fast and loud as we can. And right now the American public is screaming for exactly that. ...

If we get to 5 percent, it's a whole new ballgame. Then we don't have to spend the whole election just getting on the ballot. We are in ballot fights right now. We have had to put all of our money that we've raised into the ballot access struggles. We could actually begin without a huge handicap and begin to really get the word out in a much bigger way.


So there are many targets here which will advance the cause. But I would not underestimate the power of a generation who's been locked out of a future, locked out of an income, locked out of getting out of debt. I would not underestimate their power to self-mobilize.  Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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"I will feel horrible if Donald Trump is elected, I will feel horrible if Hillary Clinton is elected," says Green Party candidate Jill Stein. She says the two big parties lock out other voices.

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