Wander & Wonder

‘I wanted to do something cool’: Meet the man who made the Minnesota-shaped forest

a state shaped forest
Retired Department of Natural Resources employee Bill Lockner created a state-shaped forest in northern Minnesota nearly 40 years ago. This photo from 1990 shows the shape shortly after trees were logged. It's still visible from the air and likely will be for decades to come.
Courtesy of 3D Elevation Program USGS

In every corner of Minnesota, there are good stories waiting to be told of places that make our state great and people who in Walt Whitman’s words “contribute a verse” each day. MPR News sent longtime reporter Dan Gunderson on a mission to capture those stories as part of a new series called “Wander & Wonder: Exploring Minnesota’s unexpected places.”


A locator map of Lake of the Woods County
Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota
MPR News

Just a few years into his career as a Department of Natural Resources forester, Bill Lockner got assigned to map a stretch of northern Minnesota for a timber sale in the Beltrami Island State Forest. 

He decided to have a little fun with it.

On a map of the area, he sketched the outline of Minnesota. Then using only a compass and hand tools — it was 1987, years before Google Earth and satellite mapping — Lockner calculated the angles and distances to transfer the state’s shape onto the landscape.

A gif of Minnesota
Retired Department of Natural Resources employee Bill Lockner created a state-shaped forest in northern Minnesota nearly 40 years ago.
Google Earth

The harvested jack pine trees eventually brought in $2,365. More importantly, the tree cutting left the exposed terrain expertly shaped into a stark white outline of Minnesota, the start of what’s now lauded as an iconic state landmark in Lake of the Woods County.

“I decided to do something different on this spot, just because it doesn’t matter where the lines are, and I just decided to do it,” Lockner told MPR News recently at his home in Baudette. “I didn’t have a real reason.”

A state of Minnesota shape
Retired Department of Natural Resources employee Bill Lockner created a state-shaped forest in northern Minnesota. This photo from 1990 shows the shape shortly after trees were logged.
Courtesy of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

He wasn’t sure how the DNR bosses in St. Paul would react when they first saw his plan for a Minnesota-shaped timber sale. He also contemplated a second option — creating a sale in the land outline of a loon. He decided not to push his luck.

a document
Retired Department of Natural Resources employee Bill Lockner created a state-shaped forest in northern Minnesota in 1987. This is the original timber sale he set up. The state shape is still visible from the air.
Courtesy of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

“I didn’t think they’d be bothered by it,” Lockner said of the Minnesota shape. “No one is going to see it, except for pilots,” he said with a chuckle. “Google Earth hadn’t been invented yet.”

“The (local) supervisor called me, and he just mentioned briefly, ‘You made a sale shaped like Minnesota.’ I said, ‘Yeah, why not?’ Then it went to St. Paul. They sent back some sort of notice to the Baudette supervisor to tell me not to do that anymore and not to waste my time doing that. He transferred the message to me.”

a compass
Retired Department of Natural Resources employee Bill Lockner created a state-shaped forest in northern Minnesota decades ago. A compass like this one was one of the tools he used to lay out the shape.
Dan Gunderson | MPR News

That was that. Lockner headed into the woods with his compass, a measuring tool called a hip chain and a paper with 23 angle and distance calculations.

He used a black and white aerial photo to get his bearings.

“I decided to start in Duluth,” he said, “because it’s a nice, sharp corner on the state, a known point.”

He picked a birch tree easily visible among the dominant jack pine to represent Duluth, and started walking up the north shore on his mini-Minnesota.

He typically painted trees as he laid out a timber sale, giving loggers an easy way to see the boundaries. On the curved parts of Minnesota, he tied ribbons to trees.

“I thought, what if I don’t end up back in Duluth?” he said. “I could at least adjust these ribbons and it would look better.”

But after he made his way around the 1-mile perimeter of the state-shaped forest, he returned to the Duluth birch right on target.

He watched the clock lest a supervisor blame him for wasting time. The layout took four hours.

a road sign
The Minnesota-shaped forest is about 15 miles down this road from the town of Williams. From the ground it looks like any other part of the forest.
Dan Gunderson | MPR News

The logging came about 18 months later. A few years after that, he planted red pine, turning the state shape dark green. Later, the trees around the Minnesota shape were logged, again bringing the state into sharp contrast. 

Only a few pilots noticed at first until Google Earth launched in 2001 and a satellite photo of the state-shaped forest went viral.

Lockner still remembers reading some of the comments, including one that hit close to home.

“Sometimes I sit on the couch with potato chips and I very carefully nibble on the potato chips to make shapes of animals or states,” the online commenter said. “And I get it as perfect as I can.”  

“I thought, you know, that’s really what I was doing,” Lockner said with a hearty laugh.  

Now 71, Lockner describes his 37-year DNR forestry job as amazing. “I thought, geez, they’re paying me for this. I’d almost do this for free. I just love maps.”

a plaque on a wall
One of the few mementos of his career displayed by Bill Lockner in his Baudette home.
Dan Gunderson | MPR News

He refused to have his photo taken for this story, saying, “I don’t want to be famous. I just wanted to do something cool.” 

“I kind of just did it, maybe for me or in honor of the state, because I like this job. And I guess that was why I was a little creative one day. You know, I tried to conform to the state principles, but I liked it so much I had to do one of Minnesota. I’m sorry, but I did.”

The red pines Lockner planted will reach their prime in about a century, so the shape will live on long after he’s gone.

Years after the famous timber sale, Lockner remembered sitting in a DNR training session listening to a motivational speaker urging staffers to “don’t just do your job. Add something that you can be proud of when you leave. And I leaned over to the guy next to me and said, ‘I think I already did that.’”