");vwo_$('head').append(_vwo_sel);return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("HEAD")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("1. How frequently do you listen to Minnesota Public Radio?");})("#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_75-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_1:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("2. Which MPR programs or segments do you listen to most often?");})("#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_1:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_87-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_2:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("3. How Satisfied are you with the programs and offerings provided by MPR?");})("#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_2:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_81-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("4. How do you primarily access MPR?");})("#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_93-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_4:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("5. Which topics or issues are you most interested in hearing about on MPR?");})("#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_4:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_102-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, C_940895_61_1_2_5:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("editElement","#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).html("6. How likely are you to recommend MPR to a friend or family member?");})("#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}, R_940895_61_1_2_5:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {
if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){
return;
};
var el,ctx=vwo_$(x);
/*vwo_debug log("Revert","editElement","#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertHtml();})("#tfa_112-L > b:nth-of-type(1)")}}},rules:[{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":48}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":54}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":61}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":62}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":16}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":64}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":39}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":55}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951905,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":63}],"type":"m"}}],"triggers":["8459768"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":0,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":6,"c":39}],"type":"g"}}],"triggers":["12454059"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":48}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":54}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":61}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":62}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":16}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":64}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":39}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":55}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959033,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":63}],"type":"m"}}],"triggers":["8536415"]},{"tags":[{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.39","id":"runCampaign"}],"triggers":["12454053"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":0,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":7,"c":39}],"type":"g"}}],"triggers":["12454062"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":48}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":54}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":61}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":2,"c":62}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":16}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":64}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":39}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":55}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959030,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":63}],"type":"m"}}],"triggers":["8536412"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":0,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":39}],"type":"g"}}],"triggers":["12454056"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":48}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":54}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":61}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":62}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":16}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":64}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":3,"c":39}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":55}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":959027,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":63}],"type":"m"}}],"triggers":["8536409"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":48}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":54}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":61}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":4,"c":62}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":6,"c":16}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":64}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":55}],"type":"m"}},{"id":"metric","metricId":951908,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":1,"c":63}],"type":"m"}}],"triggers":["8639604"]},{"tags":[{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.48","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.54","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.61","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.62","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.16","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.64","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.55","id":"runCampaign"},{"priority":4,"data":"campaigns.63","id":"runCampaign"}],"triggers":["10589191"]},{"tags":[{"id":"metric","metricId":0,"data":{"campaigns":[{"g":5,"c":16}],"type":"g"}}],"triggers":["12639747"]},{"tags":[{"id":"urlChange"}],"triggers":["75"]},{"tags":[{"id":"checkEnvironment"}],"triggers":["5"]},{"tags":[{"priority":3,"id":"prePostMutation"},{"priority":2,"id":"groupCampaigns"}],"triggers":["8"]},{"tags":[{"priority":2,"id":"visibilityService"}],"triggers":["9"]},{"tags":[{"id":"runTestCampaign"}],"triggers":["2"]}],pages:{"ec":[{"1625289":{"inc":["o",["url","urlReg","(?i).*"]]}},{"2121531":{"inc":["o",["pg","eq","141375"]]}}],"pc":[{"141375":{"inc":["o",["url","urlReg","(?i)^https?\\:\\\/\\\/(w{3}\\.)?mprnews\\.org\\\/story.*"],["url","urlReg","(?i)^https?\\:\\\/\\\/(w{3}\\.)?mprnews\\.org\\\/episode.*"]]}}]},pagesEval:{"ec":[1625289,2121531],"pc":[141375]},stags:{}}})();
;;var commonWrapper=function(argument){if(!argument){argument={valuesGetter:function(){return{}},valuesSetter:function(){},verifyData:function(){return{}}}}const getVisitorUuid=function(){if(window._vwo_acc_id>=1037725){return window.VWO&&window.VWO.get("visitor.id")}else{return window.VWO._&&window.VWO._.cookies&&window.VWO._.cookies.get("_vwo_uuid")}};var pollInterval=100;var timeout=6e4;return function(){var accountIntegrationSettings={};var _interval=null;function waitForAnalyticsVariables(){try{accountIntegrationSettings=argument.valuesGetter();accountIntegrationSettings.visitorUuid=getVisitorUuid()}catch(error){accountIntegrationSettings=undefined}if(accountIntegrationSettings&&argument.verifyData(accountIntegrationSettings)){argument.valuesSetter(accountIntegrationSettings);return 1}return 0}var currentTime=0;_interval=setInterval((function(){currentTime=currentTime||performance.now();var result=waitForAnalyticsVariables();if(result||performance.now()-currentTime>=timeout){clearInterval(_interval)}}),pollInterval)}};
var pushBasedCommonWrapper=function(argument){var firedCamp={};if(!argument){argument={integrationName:"",getExperimentList:function(){},accountSettings:function(){},pushData:function(){}}}return function(){window.VWO=window.VWO||[];const getVisitorUuid=function(){if(window._vwo_acc_id>=1037725){return window.VWO&&window.VWO.get("visitor.id")}else{return window.VWO._&&window.VWO._.cookies&&window.VWO._.cookies.get("_vwo_uuid")}};var sendDebugLogsOld=function(expId,variationId,errorType,user_type,data){try{var errorPayload={f:argument["integrationName"]||"",a:window._vwo_acc_id,url:window.location.href,exp:expId,v:variationId,vwo_uuid:getVisitorUuid(),user_type:user_type};if(errorType=="initIntegrationCallback"){errorPayload["log_type"]="initIntegrationCallback";errorPayload["data"]=JSON.stringify(data||"")}else if(errorType=="timeout"){errorPayload["timeout"]=true}if(window.VWO._.customError){window.VWO._.customError({msg:"integration debug",url:window.location.href,lineno:"",colno:"",source:JSON.stringify(errorPayload)})}}catch(e){window.VWO._.customError&&window.VWO._.customError({msg:"integration debug failed",url:"",lineno:"",colno:"",source:""})}};var sendDebugLogs=function(expId,variationId,errorType,user_type){var eventName="vwo_debugLogs";var eventPayload={};try{eventPayload={intName:argument["integrationName"]||"",varId:variationId,expId:expId,type:errorType,vwo_uuid:getVisitorUuid(),user_type:user_type};if(window.VWO._.event){window.VWO._.event(eventName,eventPayload,{enableLogs:1})}}catch(e){eventPayload={msg:"integration event log failed",url:window.location.href};window.VWO._.event&&window.VWO._.event(eventName,eventPayload)}};const callbackFn=function(data){if(!data)return;var expId=data[1],variationId=data[2],repeated=data[0],singleCall=0,debug=0;var experimentList=argument.getExperimentList();var integrationName=argument["integrationName"]||"vwo";if(typeof argument.accountSettings==="function"){var accountSettings=argument.accountSettings();if(accountSettings){singleCall=accountSettings["singleCall"];debug=accountSettings["debug"]}}if(debug){sendDebugLogs(expId,variationId,"intCallTriggered",repeated)}if(singleCall&&(repeated==="vS"||repeated==="vSS")||firedCamp[expId]){return}window.expList=window.expList||{};var expList=window.expList[integrationName]=window.expList[integrationName]||[];if(expId&&variationId&&["VISUAL_AB","VISUAL","SPLIT_URL"].indexOf(_vwo_exp[expId].type)>-1){if(experimentList.indexOf(+expId)!==-1){firedCamp[expId]=variationId;var visitorUuid=getVisitorUuid();var pollInterval=100;var currentTime=0;var timeout=6e4;var user_type=_vwo_exp[expId].exec?"vwo-retry":"vwo-new";var interval=setInterval((function(){if(expList.indexOf(expId)!==-1){clearInterval(interval);return}currentTime=currentTime||performance.now();var toClearInterval=argument.pushData(expId,variationId,visitorUuid);if(debug&&toClearInterval){sendDebugLogsOld(expId,variationId,"",user_type);sendDebugLogs(expId,variationId,"intDataPushed",user_type)}var isTimeout=performance.now()-currentTime>=timeout;if(isTimeout&&debug){sendDebugLogsOld(expId,variationId,"timeout",user_type);sendDebugLogs(expId,variationId,"intTimeout",user_type)}if(toClearInterval||isTimeout){clearInterval(interval)}if(toClearInterval){window.expList[integrationName].push(expId)}}),pollInterval||100)}}};window.VWO.push(["onVariationApplied",callbackFn]);window.VWO.push(["onVariationShownSent",callbackFn])}};
var surveyDataCommonWrapper=function(argument){if(!argument){argument={getCampaignList:function(){return[]},surveyStatusChange:function(){},answerSubmitted:function(){}}}return function(){window.VWO=window.VWO||[];function getValuesFromAnswers(answers){var values=[];for(var i=0;i=timeout;if(toClearInterval||isTimeout){clearInterval(interval)}}),pollInterval)}}window.VWO.push(["onSurveyShown",function(data){commonSurveyCallback(data,argument.surveyStatusChange,"surveyShown")}]);window.VWO.push(["onSurveyCompleted",function(data){commonSurveyCallback(data,argument.surveyStatusChange,"surveyCompleted")}]);window.VWO.push(["onSurveyAnswerSubmitted",function(data){commonSurveyCallback(data,argument.answerSubmitted,"surveySubmitted")}])}};
(function(){var VWOOmniTemp={};window.VWOOmni=window.VWOOmni||{};for(var key in VWOOmniTemp)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(VWOOmniTemp,key)&&(window.VWOOmni[key]=VWOOmniTemp[key]);;})();(function(){window.VWO=window.VWO||[];var pollInterval=100;var _vis_data={};var intervalObj={};var analyticsTimerObj={};var experimentListObj={};window.VWO.push(["onVariationApplied",function(data){if(!data){return}var expId=data[1],variationId=data[2];if(expId&&variationId&&["VISUAL_AB","VISUAL","SPLIT_URL"].indexOf(window._vwo_exp[expId].type)>-1){}}])})();;
;var vD=VWO.data||{};VWO.data={content:{"fns":{"list":{"vn":1,"args":{"1":{}}}}},as:"r4.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com",dacdnUrl:"https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com",accountJSInfo:{"ts":1743689630,"noSS":false,"pc":{"t":0,"a":0},"rp":30}};for(var k in vD){VWO.data[k]=vD[k]};;var gcpfb=function(a,loadFunc,status,err,success){function vwoErr() {_vwo_err({message:"Google_Cdn failing for " + a + ". Trying Fallback..",code:"cloudcdnerr",status:status});} if(a.indexOf("/cdn/")!==-1){loadFunc(a.replace("cdn/",""),err,success); vwoErr(); return true;} else if(a.indexOf("/dcdn/")!==-1&&a.indexOf("evad.js") !== -1){loadFunc(a.replace("dcdn/",""),err,success); vwoErr(); return true;}};window.VWO=window.VWO || [];window.VWO._= window.VWO._ || {};window.VWO._.gcpfb=gcpfb;;var d={cookie:document.cookie,URL:document.URL,referrer:document.referrer};var w={VWO:{_:{}},location:{href:window.location.href,search:window.location.search},_vwoCc:window._vwoCc};;window._vwo_cdn="https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/cdn/";window._vwo_apm_debug_cdn="https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/cdn/";window.VWO._.useCdn=true;window.vwo_eT="br";window._VWO=window._VWO||{};window._VWO.fSeg={};window._VWO.dcdnUrl="/dcdn/settings.js";window.VWO.sTs=1743686127;window._VWO._vis_nc_lib=window._vwo_cdn+"edrv/nc-e76f33e8accfa6859749db0f9a4d4230br.js";var loadWorker=function(url){_vwo_code.load(url, { dSC: true, onloadCb: function(xhr,a){window._vwo_wt_l=true;if(xhr.status===200 ||xhr.status===304){var code="var window="+JSON.stringify(w)+",document="+JSON.stringify(d)+";window.document=document;"+xhr.responseText;var blob=new Blob([code||"throw new Error('code not found!');"],{type:"application/javascript"}),url=URL.createObjectURL(blob);window.mainThread={webWorker:new Worker(url)};window.vwoChannelFW=new MessageChannel();window.vwoChannelToW=new MessageChannel();window.mainThread.webWorker.postMessage({vwoChannelToW:vwoChannelToW.port1,vwoChannelFW:vwoChannelFW.port2},[vwoChannelToW.port1, vwoChannelFW.port2]);if(!window._vwo_mt_f)return window._vwo_wt_f=true;_vwo_code.addScript({text:window._vwo_mt_f});delete window._vwo_mt_f}else{if(gcpfb(a,loadWorker,xhr.status)){return;}_vwo_code.finish("&e=loading_failure:"+a)}}, onerrorCb: function(a){if(gcpfb(a,loadWorker)){return;}window._vwo_wt_l=true;_vwo_code.finish("&e=loading_failure:"+a);}})};loadWorker("https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/cdn/edrv/worker-1135852b6bc11a94eb64017a8d120ad8br.js");;var _vis_opt_file;var _vis_opt_lib;if(window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.previewExtraSettings!=undefined&&window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.previewExtraSettings.isSurveyPreviewMode){var surveyHash=window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.plugins.LIBINFO.SURVEY_DEBUG_EVENTS.HASH;var param1="evad.js?va=";var param2="&d=debugger_new";var param3="&sp=1&a=940895&sh="+surveyHash;_vis_opt_file=vwoCode.use_existing_jquery&&typeof vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()!=="undefined"?vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()?param1+"vanj"+param2:param1+"va_gq"+param2:param1+"edrv/va_gq-a062e7c4223b2b89f5cddb5055816677br.js"+param2;_vis_opt_file=_vis_opt_file+param3;_vis_opt_lib="https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/dcdn/"+_vis_opt_file}else if(window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.mode!=undefined&&window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.mode=="PREVIEW"){ var path1 = 'edrv/pd_'; var path2 = window.VWO._.allSettings.dataStore.plugins.LIBINFO.EVAD.HASH + ".js"; ;_vis_opt_file=vwoCode.use_existing_jquery&&typeof vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()!=="undefined"?vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()?path1+"vanj"+path2:path1+"va_gq"+path2:path1+"edrv/va_gq-a062e7c4223b2b89f5cddb5055816677br.js"+path2;_vis_opt_lib="https://dev.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/cdn/"+_vis_opt_file}else{_vis_opt_file=vwoCode.use_existing_jquery&&typeof vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()!=="undefined"?vwoCode.use_existing_jquery()?"edrv/vanj-55389bda300ad24b514d62f335aa126abr.js":"edrv/va_gq-a062e7c4223b2b89f5cddb5055816677br.js":"edrv/va_gq-a062e7c4223b2b89f5cddb5055816677br.js"}window._vwo_library_timer=setTimeout((function(){vwoCode.removeLoaderAndOverlay&&vwoCode.removeLoaderAndOverlay();vwoCode.finish()}),vwoCode.library_tolerance&&typeof vwoCode.library_tolerance()!=="undefined"?vwoCode.library_tolerance():2500),_vis_opt_lib=typeof _vis_opt_lib=="undefined"?window._vwo_cdn+_vis_opt_file:_vis_opt_lib;var loadLib=function(url){_vwo_code.load(url, { dSC: true, onloadCb:function(xhr,a){window._vwo_mt_l=true;if(xhr.status===200 || xhr.status===304){if(!window._vwo_wt_f)return window._vwo_mt_f=xhr.responseText;_vwo_code.addScript({text:xhr.responseText});delete window._vwo_wt_f;}else{if(gcpfb(a,loadLib,xhr.status)){return;}_vwo_code.finish("&e=loading_failure:"+a);}}, onerrorCb: function(a){if(gcpfb(a,loadLib)){return;}window._vwo_mt_l=true;_vwo_code.finish("&e=loading_failure:"+a);}})};loadLib(_vis_opt_lib);VWO.load_co=function(u,opts){return window._vwo_code.load(u,opts);};;;}}catch(e){_vwo_code.finish();_vwo_code.removeLoaderAndOverlay&&_vwo_code.removeLoaderAndOverlay();_vwo_err(e);window.VWO.caE=1}})();
By submitting, you consent that you are at least 18 years of age and to receive information about MPR's or APMG entities' programs and offerings. The personally identifying information you provide will not be sold, shared, or used for purposes other than to communicate with you about MPR, APMG entities, and its sponsors. You may opt-out at any time clicking the unsubscribe link at the bottom of any email communication. View our
Privacy Policy .
Welcome back
to news for you
Sign in to your profile
Close Close Still require assistance or not sure what your User Name is? A verification code has been emailed to
Clive Wynne (right) is the person of dog Xephos (left), and the founding director of the Canine Science Collaboratory at Arizona State University.
Photo courtesy of Sam Wynne
Play Listen Rebroadcast: For the love of dogs Create an account or log in to save stories.
Thanks for liking this story! We have added it to a list of your favorite stories.
Save
Americans love their pets. In 2018, we spent more than $72 billion feeding them, grooming them, training them, medicating them, and — much to the pets’ regret — clothing them. Dog owners, in particular, are quick to say dogs are special — not only because they are smart and social creatures, but because dogs love us back.
But do they really? Or are they just happy to see us because we hold the keys to the food? One animal behaviorist says he’s done the research, and he’s convinced that dogs do form emotional attachments with their owners. Friday on MPR News with Kerri Miller, we’ll talk to him about his work, his proof and — of course — his dog.
Guest :
Editor’s note : This conversation originally aired Feb. 7 .
Kerri Miller also asked listeners to share photos of their dogs on Twitter, and started with a photo of her dog, Dara.
And here’s what listeners shared.
MPR News helps you turn down the noise and build shared understanding. Turn up your support for this public resource and keep trusted journalism accessible to all.
Dear reader,
The trustworthy and factual news you find here at MPR News relies on the generosity of readers like you.
Your donation ensures that our journalism remains available to all, connecting communities and facilitating better conversations for everyone.
Will you make a gift today to help keep this trusted new source accessible to all?
Donate now »